Discussion
Which scale determines the outcome of geostrophic adjustment?
Answer: A
For disturbances much larger than the deformation radius the mass field adjusts to the wind field, and for much smaller ones the wind adjusts to the mass field. The deformation radius is precisely the scale at which rotation and stratification are equally important. The scale height and Ekman depth describe vertical structure, and the baroclinic wavelength is several times larger than the deformation radius. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.
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