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Which diagnostic identifies wave types in tropical observations?

  • A.The surface pressure trace
  • B.The correlation between rainfall and sea surface temperature computed over the whole of a tropical basin
  • C.The wavenumber-frequency spectrum
  • D.The vertical profile of temperature obtained from a single radiosonde ascent at one tropical station

Answer: C

Plotting the spectral power of cloud or outgoing longwave radiation against zonal wavenumber and frequency reveals distinct ridges corresponding to Kelvin, Rossby, mixed and inertia-gravity waves, matching the theoretical dispersion curves. Wheeler and Kiladis published the classic diagram. Single soundings and pressure traces cannot separate the wave types in this way. The shared properties explain why these belong to one family, and the differences explain why more than one exists.

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