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Which wavenumbers dominate the stationary wave pattern of the northern winter?

  • A.Wavenumbers ten and above
  • B.Wavenumber zero, which represents the zonally symmetric part of the flow around the latitude circle
  • C.Wavenumbers one to three
  • D.Wavenumbers five to seven, which correspond to the synoptic scale travelling waves of the storm track

Answer: C

The stationary pattern forced by the Rockies, the Tibetan Plateau and the land-sea contrasts is dominated by the longest waves, principally wavenumbers one to three. Only these are long enough to satisfy the Charney-Drazin criterion and propagate into the stratosphere. Wavenumbers five to seven describe the travelling synoptic waves, and wavenumber zero is the zonal mean rather than a wave at all. The quantity that varies and the quantity that does not are worth naming before any substitution is attempted.

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