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Which phenomenon lies outside linear wave theory?

  • A.Doppler shifting
  • B.The trapping of a wave within a duct formed by a stable layer beneath a region of increasing wind speed
  • C.Wave breaking
  • D.The propagation of a small amplitude gravity wave upward through a uniformly stratified layer of air

Answer: C

Breaking occurs when the wave amplitude becomes large enough to overturn the isentropes, at which point the linear assumption fails completely and turbulence is generated. Linear theory can predict where breaking will begin but not what happens afterwards. Propagation, Doppler shifting and ducting are all well described by linear theory.

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