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Which parameter measures how close a gravity wave is to breaking?

  • A.The Rossby number, which compares the inertial acceleration against the acceleration due to rotation
  • B.The Froude number
  • C.The ratio of the horizontal wavelength to the vertical wavelength at the level being considered here
  • D.The ratio of wave amplitude to the saturation amplitude

Answer: D

Saturation is reached when the wave induced vertical displacement is large enough to make the total potential temperature gradient vanish, and the ratio of actual to saturation amplitude measures how close that is. Parameterisation schemes limit the wave flux to keep the ratio at or below one. The Rossby and Froude numbers measure quite different competitions, though the Froude number does govern whether flow surmounts a barrier at all. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.

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