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Which regime does a low Froude number flow over a mountain produce?

  • A.Flow around rather than over the barrier
  • B.Flow directly over the crest with a strong lee wave train developing downstream of the range concerned
  • C.Uniform flow
  • D.Flow that separates from the surface upstream of the barrier and reattaches well beyond the crest of it

Answer: A

When the kinetic energy of the approaching flow is insufficient to lift it over the barrier against the stratification, the air is deflected around the ends instead, which is the low Froude number regime. Barrier jets and gap winds result. At high Froude number the flow surmounts the ridge and generates the mountain wave field. Recognising the regime from the flow speed and stratification is a practical forecasting skill in mountainous terrain.

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