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Which analogy describes the flow in a severe downslope windstorm?

  • A.A hydraulic jump in shallow water
  • B.A vortex ring propagating outward from the point at which the descending air strikes the ground below
  • C.A laminar boundary layer
  • D.A Kelvin-Helmholtz billow forming at the interface between two layers of contrasting density and speed

Answer: A

The flow accelerates down the lee slope and then jumps abruptly back to a slower deeper state, exactly as water does downstream of a weir, and the analogy has proved quantitatively useful. The turbulent jump region is where the damaging gusts and the rotor turbulence occur. Vortex rings describe microbursts and Kelvin-Helmholtz billows describe shear instability at an interface. Framing the question as which quantity the change acts upon makes the answer follow without calculation.

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