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Which mechanism drives the Brewer-Dobson circulation?

  • A.Breaking waves extracting momentum from the stratospheric flow
  • B.Direct radiative heating in the tropics and cooling at the poles acting as a thermally driven overturning
  • C.Surface friction
  • D.The condensation of water vapour within the tropical tropopause layer as air ascends slowly through it

Answer: A

The extratropical wave drag acts as a pump, drawing air upward in the tropics and poleward aloft, which is why the circulation is often described as wave driven rather than thermally driven. Radiative heating alone would not produce the observed transport. The circulation explains why stratospheric air is older at high latitudes and why ozone concentrations peak far from the tropical source region. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.

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