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Which region of the winter stratosphere is called the surf zone?

  • A.The tropical region in which air rises slowly across the tropopause into the stratosphere above it
  • B.The polar vortex interior
  • C.The layer immediately above the tropopause where the static stability increases sharply with height
  • D.The mid-latitude region where planetary waves break

Answer: D

The mid-latitude surf zone is where planetary waves break irreversibly, mixing potential vorticity and forming a broad region of weak gradients between the tropics and the vortex edge. The vortex edge itself acts as a transport barrier. The name captures the analogy with ocean waves breaking on a shelving beach, and the sharp gradients at its edges are a striking feature of potential vorticity maps.

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