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Which event can disrupt the vortex in mid-winter?

  • A.The seasonal reversal of the winds in spring as sunlight returns to the polar region after the winter
  • B.A volcanic eruption
  • C.The passage of a deep tropospheric cyclone directly beneath the centre of the polar region concerned
  • D.A sudden stratospheric warming

Answer: D

Breaking planetary waves can decelerate and reverse the vortex within a few days, raising polar stratospheric temperatures by tens of kelvin and sometimes splitting the vortex in two. Such major warmings occur in roughly half of northern winters and very rarely in the south. The spring reversal is the ordinary seasonal transition, and volcanic and tropospheric influences act far more slowly.

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