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Which tropospheric consequence can follow a sudden stratospheric warming?

  • A.A shift of the storm track towards lower latitudes
  • B.An immediate warming of the surface across the whole of the polar region beneath the disturbed vortex
  • C.No consequence at all
  • D.A strengthening of the westerly flow across the Atlantic that persists for several weeks afterwards

Answer: A

The weakened stratospheric vortex is often followed within a few weeks by a negative phase of the Northern Annular Mode, with the storm track shifted equatorward and cold outbreaks over northern Europe and eastern North America. This downward influence is one route by which stratospheric prediction contributes to extended range surface forecasting, and the surface effect is cooling rather than warming.

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