Discussion
For hydrogen atom, the orbitals with the lowest energy among the given orbitals are
(i) 4s (ii) 2px (iii) 3dz2 (iv) 2py
Answer: B
The lowest-energy orbitals are (ii) & (iv), the 2px and 2py orbitals.
In the hydrogen atom, with a single electron, the energy of an orbital depends only on the principal quantum number n: \(E_{n} = -\frac{13.6}{n^{2}}\) eV. Orbitals with the same n are degenerate.
Here 2px and 2py have n = 2, while 3d (n = 3) and 4s (n = 4) are higher. The (n + l) rule that places 4s below 3d applies to many-electron atoms, not to hydrogen. Naming only (ii) misses that 2py has exactly the same energy.
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