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Observational learning involves :

1. Attention and retention
2. Attention and Reinforcement
3. Production processes and motivation
4. Reinforcement and motivation

  • A.1 and 3 only
  • B.2 and 4 only
  • C.3 and 4 only
  • D.1 and 2 only

Answer: A

Observational learning, as described by Bandura, involves four processes: attention, retention, production (reproduction) processes and motivation. Statements 1 and 3 name two of these and both are correct, since attention and retention concern taking in and storing the model's behaviour, and production processes and motivation concern carrying it out. Reinforcement alone is not a required process, since learning can occur without it, so the pairs with reinforcement are wrong.

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