Discussion
According to Skinner, which of the following is a characteristic of instrumental conditioning?
Answer: B
According to Skinner, the response in instrumental or operant conditioning is emitted, that is, produced by the organism voluntarily, not triggered by a stimulus. Involuntary and elicited responses describe reflexes in classical conditioning, and imitation is observational learning. In Skinner's analysis the operant is emitted by the organism, while the respondent in classical conditioning is elicited by a stimulus; this is why instrumental behaviour is called voluntary.
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