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Memory disruption that occurs due to information presented after the material that is to be remembered is known as :

  • A.Positive transfer
  • B.Negative transfer
  • C.Zero transfer
  • D.Retroactive interference

Answer: D

Disruption of memory by information that comes afterwards is retroactive interference.

In retroactive interference, new learning works backwards to impair recall of older material: after learning list A and then list B, recall of list A suffers. Proactive interference is the reverse, where earlier learning disrupts recall of later material.

Positive, negative and zero transfer describe the effect of earlier learning on the learning of a new task (helping, hindering or having no effect), not the forgetting of earlier material caused by later learning.

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