Discussion
When reinforcement is contingent upon number of responses given by respondent it is :
(1) Fixed interval schedule
(2) Fixed ratio schedule
(3) Variable ratio schedule
(4) Variable interval schedule
Answer: A
Reinforcement contingent on the number of responses is given by (2) and (3) only, the fixed ratio and variable ratio schedules.
Ratio schedules deliver reinforcement after a number of responses: a fixed number in a fixed ratio schedule (every tenth response) and an average number that varies in a variable ratio schedule (as in a slot machine).
Interval schedules depend on time instead: in fixed interval and variable interval schedules the first response after a fixed or varying period is reinforced, however many responses came before. So any option including (1) or (4) is wrong.
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