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Gibson's theory of direct perception implies that :

(1) Perception is used to adapt to environment
(2) Perception is used to control action
(3) When observer moves, optic array changes
(4) Sensory systems are perceptual systems

  • A.(1) and (2) only
  • B.(1) and (3) only
  • C.(1), (2) and (3) only
  • D.(1), (2), (3) and (4)

Answer: D

All four follow from Gibson's theory: (1), (2), (3) and (4).

Gibson argued that perception evolved to help animals adapt to their environment and to guide action, so (1) and (2) hold. As the observer moves, the optic array changes in lawful ways (optic flow), and this change is itself the information perceived, which is (3). He also treated the senses as active perceptual systems that seek out information, the title idea of his 1966 book The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems, which is (4).

Leaving any statement out makes the option incomplete.

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