Discussion
When an operant response is built by method of successive approximation it is called :
Answer: C
Building a response by successive approximation is shaping.
In shaping, the trainer reinforces responses that come closer and closer to the target behaviour, raising the standard step by step. Skinner used it to teach pigeons and rats behaviours they would never emit by chance, such as turning in a full circle.
Higher-order conditioning is a classical procedure in which a CS is used to condition a new stimulus. Reinforcement is the general process of strengthening a response, not this specific method, and generalization is the spread of a response to similar stimuli.
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