Discussion
Skinner believed that reinforcement was necessary for an operant behaviour to be acquired. Observational learning, however, demonstrates that a behaviour can also be acquired as a result of :
Answer: C
Observational learning shows a behaviour can be acquired by observing another individual's behaviour and its reinforcement.
Bandura's Bobo doll studies showed that children learned aggressive acts simply by watching an adult model, without being reinforced themselves. Seeing the model rewarded (vicarious reinforcement) made them more likely to perform the behaviour, and seeing the model punished made them less likely. Learning took place without direct reinforcement of the learner.
Punishment weakens behaviour rather than producing new behaviour. Classical conditioning pairs stimuli to produce reflexive responses. Instinctive drift is the tendency of conditioned behaviour to slip back towards instinctive patterns.
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