Discussion
Which effect is found only with recall and not with recognition tasks ?
Answer: B
The effect is the state-dependent memory effect.
State-dependent memory is better recall when a person's internal state at retrieval (for example under alcohol or another drug) matches the state at learning. Eich's review of the drug studies (1980) found that the effect appears reliably in free recall but is largely absent in recognition tests, because the item itself, presented for recognition, is a strong enough cue to override the missing state cue.
The spacing effect, better memory for study spread over time, appears in recall and recognition alike. Cue overload, the weakening of a retrieval cue linked to too many items, is likewise not tied to recall. Mood-dependent memory is a weaker, less consistent variant studied mainly through mood induction, and the classic recall-only finding is the one stated for state-dependent memory.
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