Discussion
Assertion (A) : Collins and Quillian's network model found that people to take longer to verify "A shark is an animal" than "A shark is a fish."
Reason (R) : According to hierarchically closer superordinate category are easy to recall than remote superordinate category.
Answer: A
The key's answer is that both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Collins and Quillian (1969) found that people take longer to verify 'A shark is an animal' than 'A shark is a fish', so A is true. In their model, concepts are nodes in a hierarchy (shark under fish, fish under animal), and verifying a statement means searching along the links; 'animal' is two links away from 'shark' and 'fish' only one, so the search takes longer.
R says that nearer superordinate categories are easier to recall than remote ones. That is a restatement of the finding, and it speaks of recall rather than of verification time; it does not give the model's mechanism, the number of links traversed in the network. So the key treats R as true but not the explanation, ruling out options B, C and D.
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