Discussion
According to Tolman, types of learning are :
Answer: B
Tolman's types of learning are place and response learning.
Edward Tolman and his colleagues (Tolman, Ritchie and Kalish, 1946) contrasted place learning, in which a rat learns where the goal is and reaches it by whatever route is open, with response learning, in which it learns a fixed sequence of turns. Their maze studies showed that place learning was usually easier, supporting Tolman's idea of cognitive maps.
Observational learning belongs to Bandura, not Tolman. 'Sign and solution learning' are the two kinds of learning in Mowrer's two-factor theory. Observational and cognitive learning is a loose pairing that is not Tolman's distinction.
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