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Trace conditioning refers to the following :

  • A.Conditioned stimulus (CS) precedes the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
  • B.Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) precedes the conditioned stimulus (CS)
  • C.Conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) begin at the same time
  • D.Conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) ends at the same time

Answer: A

In trace conditioning the conditioned stimulus (CS) precedes the unconditioned stimulus (UCS).

The defining feature is that the CS begins and ends before the UCS arrives, leaving a gap. The animal must hold a memory trace of the CS across the interval, which is where the name comes from. Delay conditioning, where the CS stays on until the UCS starts, is the other forward arrangement.

The UCS coming first is backward conditioning, which usually produces little learning. CS and UCS beginning together is simultaneous conditioning. Ending at the same time is not a named procedure; it describes the end of a delay trial.

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