Discussion
Molecular size of \(SiO_{2}\) in optical fiber leads to the following :
Answer: B
It leads to scattering.
Glass is an amorphous material, and when silica cools from the melt, tiny fluctuations in density and composition, of the order of molecular size and much smaller than the wavelength of light, are frozen into it. These inhomogeneities scatter light in all directions. This Rayleigh scattering varies as \(1/\lambda^{4}\) and is the fundamental loss mechanism that sets the lower limit of fiber attenuation.
Absorption arises from impurities such as OH ions and from the material's own electronic and vibrational resonances. Pulse dispersion is spreading in time, not loss, and strain is a mechanical effect.
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