Discussion
The heading reference in a typical attitude and heading reference system comes from
Answer: C
Correct answer: A magnetometer or flux valve
Heading comes from a magnetic sensor - a three-axis magnetometer or, in older installations, a flux valve. The sensor measures the direction of the earth's magnetic field, whose horizontal component defines magnetic north, and applying the local variation gives true heading.
A magnetic reference is needed because neither the gyros nor the accelerometers can supply one on their own. Gravity is vertical and so says nothing about direction in the horizontal plane, and the gyros only measure change of heading, which drifts without an absolute reference. The air data computer supplies altitude and airspeed, and the radio altimeter height above terrain.
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