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Coning error arises in a strapdown system when

  • A.The aircraft accelerates in a straight line
  • B.The magnetometer is disturbed
  • C.The temperature changes rapidly
  • D.Two axes oscillate at once

Answer: D

Correct answer: Two axes oscillate at once

Coning arises when the body oscillates about two axes simultaneously with a phase difference between them, so that a body axis traces out a cone. Finite rotations do not commute, and the true attitude change over a cycle is not the integral of the rate components taken one axis at a time - so a naive integration accumulates a systematic error even though the motion returns to where it started.

The remedy is a coning compensation term computed at a high rate, well above the vibration frequencies present. Straight-line acceleration, magnetic disturbance and temperature change all produce errors, but none of them is coning.

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