Discussion
An accelerometer measures __________, which is the sum of acceleration and the reaction to gravity.
Answer: D
Correct answer: specific force
An accelerometer measures specific force - the non-gravitational force per unit mass on its proof mass, which is the sum of the aircraft's acceleration and the reaction to gravity. A stationary instrument with its axis vertical therefore reads about \( 9.81\ \mathrm{m/s^2} \), not zero, because the case is pushing the proof mass upward against gravity.
This is why the two contributions cannot be separated by the sensor alone, and why the vertical reference it provides is trustworthy only in unaccelerated flight. Angular rate is what a gyro measures, and magnetic field what a magnetometer measures.
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