Discussion
__________ determines true heading by sensing the horizontal component of the earth's rotation.
Answer: C
Correct answer: Gyro compassing
Gyro compassing finds true heading by sensing the horizontal component of the earth's rotation, which points to true north. At latitude \( \phi \) that component is \( 15\cos\phi \) degrees per hour, so at 40 degrees it is about \( 11.5 \) degrees per hour - a very small signal that requires navigation-grade gyros to resolve, and one that shrinks towards the poles as \( \cos\phi \) falls.
The advantage over magnetic sensing is that it gives true heading directly, with no variation to apply and no vulnerability to local magnetic anomalies. Levelling establishes pitch and roll, and coning compensation is an integration correction.
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