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Which chemistry does a conventional starter battery use?

  • A.Lead acid
  • B.Nickel metal hydride, which offers a greater energy density and is therefore preferred for the starting duty
  • C.Lithium iron phosphate
  • D.Nickel cadmium, whose ability to deliver a very high current makes it well suited to the cranking of an engine

Answer: A

A lead acid battery uses lead dioxide and sponge lead plates in dilute sulphuric acid, and it delivers the very high current that cranking demands. Lithium starter batteries exist for motorsport, which makes that option a genuine but specialised alternative. The shared behaviour explains why these belong together and the differences explain why both exist. Most errors here come from carrying across a result from a neighbouring case where it does not hold. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.

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