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Which battery failure mode results from vibration?

  • A.Sulphation of the plates, which follows from the battery being shaken while it is in a discharged condition
  • B.Water loss
  • C.Loosening of the terminal posts, which is the only consequence of vibration and is easily corrected by tightening
  • D.Shedding of active material and internal short circuits

Answer: D

Vibration shakes the paste from the grids, and the debris eventually bridges the plates and shorts a cell. Secure clamping is therefore a real requirement rather than tidiness. Post loosening does also occur. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision. Tracing the requirement back to the physical constraint that produces it makes the answer follow. Naming what changes and what stays the same is the reliable route through questions of this shape.

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