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Which energy reservoir does baroclinic instability draw upon?

  • A.Available potential energy
  • B.The kinetic energy of the zonal mean flow, which is what barotropic instability extracts from the shear
  • C.Latent heat
  • D.The internal energy of the atmosphere, which is by far the largest of the reservoirs available to it

Answer: A

A horizontal temperature gradient means that the mass of the atmosphere could be rearranged to lower its centre of gravity, and the energy released by that rearrangement is the available potential energy. Baroclinic instability is the process that taps it. Barotropic instability draws on the horizontal shear instead, latent heat is a separate source that amplifies the process, and the total internal energy is enormous but almost entirely unavailable because the atmosphere is already close to its lowest attainable arrangement.

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