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Which effect does adding the beta effect introduce?

  • A.A shift of the most unstable wavelength to much shorter values without changing the rate of growth
  • B.A long wave cut-off and a critical shear
  • C.An increase in the growth rate at every wavelength because the potential vorticity gradient is enhanced
  • D.No change at all

Answer: B

The beta effect opposes the interior potential vorticity gradient created by the shear, and below a critical shear it cancels it so the Charney-Stern criterion is not satisfied. It also stabilises the longest waves, producing a bounded unstable band. Comparing the Eady and two-level models is the clearest way to see exactly what beta contributes to the problem. The shared properties explain why these belong to one family, and the differences explain why more than one exists.

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