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Which mean flow feature do these eddy momentum fluxes maintain?

  • A.The trade winds, which blow from the east across both of the tropical oceans throughout the entire year
  • B.The polar easterlies
  • C.The subtropical jet, whose westerly momentum is instead supplied by the poleward branch of the Hadley cell
  • D.The surface westerlies of mid-latitudes

Answer: D

Eddy momentum flux convergence in mid-latitudes drives a westerly acceleration that surface friction balances, which is why the mid-latitude surface westerlies exist at all. Without the eddies the Ferrel cell would drive easterlies there. The trades and the subtropical jet owe their momentum to the Hadley circulation, and the polar easterlies to the polar cell. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour.

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