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Which magnitude does that transport reach in mid-latitudes?

  • A.About 5 gigawatts
  • B.About 500 petawatts, which would exceed the total solar radiation intercepted by the Earth as a whole
  • C.About 5 petawatts
  • D.About 5 terawatts, which is comparable with the total rate of primary energy consumption by humanity

Answer: C

Baroclinic eddies transport roughly \( 5 \times 10^{15} \) watts poleward across 40 degrees latitude, which is a substantial fraction of the total required to balance the radiative imbalance between equator and pole. The ocean carries much of the remainder. The other values are too small by orders of magnitude or exceed the total solar input entirely.

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