Discussion
Which of the following is not required for baroclinic instability?
Latent heat release
Vertical shear
Stable stratification
A sign change in the PV gradient
Answer: B
Latent heat release amplifies baroclinic growth substantially but is not required, as the entirely dry Eady and Charney models demonstrate. Vertical shear, stable stratification and a sign change in the potential vorticity gradient are all necessary ingredients. Distinguishing what a mechanism requires from what merely enhances it is a habit worth cultivating throughout this subject. The quantity that varies and the quantity that does not are worth naming before any substitution is attempted.
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