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Which conversion dominates the observed energy cycle?

  • A.Latent heat directly into zonal kinetic energy through the release of buoyancy in tropical convection
  • B.Zonal to eddy available potential energy
  • C.Zonal kinetic energy directly into eddy kinetic energy without any potential energy being involved at all
  • D.Eddy kinetic to zonal available potential

Answer: B

The baroclinic conversion from zonal to eddy available potential energy, driven by the poleward eddy heat flux, is the largest term and is the first step of the dominant pathway. It is followed by conversion to eddy kinetic energy and then, during barotropic decay, to zonal kinetic energy. Direct zonal to eddy kinetic conversion is small and often of the opposite sign. A limit that survives making every external component ideal is an intrinsic one, and worth knowing for that reason.

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