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Which conserved quantity is used to construct such cross sections?

  • A.Absolute vorticity at the 500 hectopascal level, which is the standard field for tracking short waves
  • B.Potential vorticity on isentropic surfaces
  • C.Temperature on constant pressure surfaces, from which the position of the tropopause may be identified
  • D.Relative humidity

Answer: B

Mapping potential vorticity on isentropic surfaces shows the intrusion clearly because the quantity is conserved for adiabatic motion and changes sharply across the tropopause. Isentropic potential vorticity maps are a standard research and forecasting product. Temperature and humidity fields show related structure less sharply, and 500 hectopascal vorticity is a different diagnostic. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour.

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