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A winter forecast shows a strong zonal jet across the Atlantic with rapid eastward progression of short waves.

What weather should be expected in northern Europe?

  • A.A single deep stationary depression bringing continuous rainfall for a week or more over the same area
  • B.A succession of mild wet Atlantic depressions
  • C.Persistent cold dry conditions as continental air is drawn westward across the region from the interior
  • D.Prolonged fog

Answer: B

A strong zonal jet corresponds to the positive phase of the Northern Annular Mode, with the storm track directed towards northern Europe and a rapid succession of depressions bringing mild wet conditions. Cold dry conditions accompany the blocked negative phase instead. Stationary systems require blocking, which is exactly what a strong zonal flow prevents.

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