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Effective damping of an isolation system is obtained from

  • A.the area of the hysteresis loop at the design displacement
  • B.the vertical stiffness of the bearings under gravity loading
  • C.the number of bearings installed beneath the building
  • D.the ratio of the isolated period to the fixed-base period

Answer: A

The loop area gives the energy dissipated per cycle, which is converted to an equivalent viscous damping ratio so that a linear analysis can be used. Values of ten to thirty per cent are typical, far above the five per cent assumed for ordinary concrete construction.

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