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The force in a viscous damper is often written as

  • A.\( F = Ma \) with the force taken as proportional to the acceleration
  • B.\( F = \mu N \) with the force set by friction alone
  • C.\( F = Cv^{\alpha} \) with an exponent applied to the velocity
  • D.\( F = Kx \) with the force proportional to the displacement

Answer: C

Correct answer: \( F = Cv^{\alpha} \) with an exponent applied to the velocity

A viscous damper resists velocity, not displacement, so its force peaks when the structure is passing through its neutral position - a quarter cycle out of phase with the spring forces, which is why adding one does not increase the peak column force. The exponent is typically between 0.3 and 1.0, and a value below unity caps the force at high velocity.

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