Discussion
Storage modulus and tan δ of a polymer are experimentally measured by
Answer: D
They are measured by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA, or DMA).
DMTA applies a small oscillating stress or strain and records the response over a range of temperature or frequency. The in-phase part gives the storage modulus E′, the out-of-phase part the loss modulus E″, and their ratio is tan δ, whose peak marks the glass transition.
Differential scanning calorimetry measures heat flow, thermogravimetric analysis measures mass change, and thermomechanical analysis measures dimensional change under a static load. None of them measures a modulus under oscillating load.
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