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The modified benefit cost ratio places disbenefits in the

  • A.denominator, subtracted from costs
  • B.denominator, added to costs
  • C.numerator, added to benefits
  • D.numerator, subtracted from benefits

Answer: B

Correct answer: denominator, added to costs

\[ B/C_{mod} = \frac{B}{C + D}. \] The modified convention treats a disbenefit as a cost borne by the public rather than as a benefit forgone. Since it moves a positive quantity from being subtracted above to being added below, it always gives a smaller ratio than the conventional form for an acceptable project.

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