Discussion
How do vector vaccines work to provide immunity?
Answer: C
Vector vaccines work by placing the virus in a modified version of a different virus.
A viral vector vaccine uses a harmless virus, such as a modified chimpanzee adenovirus in Covishield (Oxford-AstraZeneca), as a carrier. A gene from the target virus, for COVID-19 the gene for the spike protein, is placed in the vector, which delivers it to human cells; the cells make the protein and the immune system learns to recognise it.
Introducing a weakened or inactivated virus describes attenuated and inactivated vaccines. Vaccines do not attack pathogens directly; the immune system does. Entering cells to make spike proteins describes the effect of mRNA vaccines rather than the defining mechanism of a vector vaccine.
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