Discussion
Why microbial conversion of lignocellulosic straw feedstock to bioethanol is difficult ?
Answer: D
Conversion is difficult because of the presence of microcrystalline cellulose and lignin.
In straw the cellulose is largely crystalline, its chains packed tightly by hydrogen bonds so that enzymes and water reach them slowly, and the whole is wrapped in lignin, a complex aromatic polymer that blocks cellulase enzymes and is itself hard to degrade. This recalcitrance is why lignocellulosic ethanol needs pretreatment before fermentation.
Amorphous cellulose is the easily digested part. The absence of lignin would make the conversion easier, not harder. Hemicellulose is branched and amorphous and is broken down relatively easily, so its presence is not the main obstacle.
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