Discussion
Maleic acid and Fumaric acid are :
Answer: A
Maleic acid and fumaric acid are geometric isomers.
Both are butenedioic acid, HOOC-CH=CH-COOH. Rotation about the C=C double bond is restricted, so the two carboxyl groups can sit on the same side (maleic acid, the cis form) or on opposite sides (fumaric acid, the trans form). They differ in properties: maleic acid melts far lower and readily forms an anhydride because its carboxyl groups are close together.
Neither molecule has a chiral centre, so they are not chiral isomers or enantiomers (mirror-image pairs). Cis-trans isomers are, strictly, one kind of diastereomer (stereoisomers that are not mirror images), but the specific term for this pair, and the one the key expects, is geometric isomers.
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