Discussion
By what process does Thorium-230 decay to radium-226 ?
Answer: B
Thorium-230 decays to radium-226 by alpha emission.
The mass number falls by 4 (230 to 226) and the atomic number by 2 (thorium 90 to radium 88). An alpha particle is a helium-4 nucleus, two protons and two neutrons, so alpha emission is the only one of these processes that changes the mass number at all.
Gamma emission changes neither number. Beta emission and electron capture change the atomic number by one while leaving the mass number at 230.
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