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Which junction biases distinguish the active region?

  • A.Both junctions reverse biased
  • B.Emitter reverse, collector forward
  • C.Emitter forward, collector reverse
  • D.Both junctions forward biased

Answer: C

The active region needs the emitter junction forward biased to inject carriers and the collector junction reverse biased to collect them. Both forward is saturation, both reverse is cut-off, and the reversed arrangement is the inverse active region, which works but with a much poorer gain because the doping is wrong for it. Naming the four regions by their two junction biases is the compact way to hold them, and it makes the bias conditions in a circuit immediately readable.

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