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What is the Early effect?

  • A.Base current falling as the temperature rises
  • B.Emitter injection efficiency falling at high current
  • C.Collector-emitter voltage collapsing at saturation
  • D.Collector current rising with collector voltage

Answer: D

The Early effect is the slight rise in collector current with collector-emitter voltage, caused by the depletion region widening and narrowing the effective base. It gives the output characteristics their finite slope and hence the transistor its finite output resistance. The other three describe temperature effects, high-current fall-off and saturation, all real but distinct. A characteristic that ought to be flat and is not usually reveals a geometry that changes with bias.

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