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What is punch-through in a bipolar transistor?

  • A.The base current reversing direction at high voltage
  • B.The depletion region reaching across the whole base
  • C.The emitter junction breaking down under reverse bias
  • D.The collector current concentrating in a small area

Answer: B

Punch-through occurs when the collector-base depletion region widens until it meets the emitter, so the base disappears and current flows uncontrolled. Emitter reverse breakdown, current crowding and base current reversal are separate phenomena. It is the extreme case of the same base-narrowing that produces the Early effect, which is a good reminder that a gentle effect and a catastrophic one are often the same mechanism at different magnitudes.

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