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Why does a transistor's beta vary with collector current?

  • A.The Early voltage changes with the operating current
  • B.The thermal voltage falls as the current rises
  • C.The base spreading resistance rises with current
  • D.Recombination dominates at low current and crowding at high

Answer: D

Beta peaks at a moderate current: at low current recombination in the base takes a larger share, and at high current emitter crowding and high-level injection reduce the efficiency. The Early voltage and the thermal voltage are not current dependent in this way. That bell-shaped curve is why data sheets specify beta at a stated current, and why designs are placed near the peak where the parameter is least sensitive.

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